Wladyslaw Polakowski

About interdependence of the hegara and the julian calendars

Or: about a chronological point junction of the hegara calendar and of the julian calendar also that from this can follow.

The author of the work will begin directly from ascertaining of the conclusion and statement of the sights, by which he has come as a result of the done work: the hegara calendar was precisely joined with Iulian by a calendar in the beginning of the March, 1321. March 3, 1321 precisely gets on 1 number of the first month of the lunar year - Muharamm (mhr - so further in article) 721 years hegara (GY). Rather importante is the concurrence of the number of the units and tens in number of the years.

Little introduction

As is known, in chronology there are a lot of the problems, which are connected what is basic dates in global chronology, as date of Jesus Christ birth, date of the source Muhammad, and also little bit connected with date of the Jesus Christ birth date of the introduction of the julian calendar have the large number of the interpretations. As to variety in dates of the Jesus Christ birth, about them wrote also one of the best russian Soviet chronologers II half XX centuries I.A.Klimishin in [001]. As to the foreign scientists, about it best has written Anthony Grafton, the professor of the Prinston of the university [002], and about a problem of the complexity of the era Muhammad, about it wrote still medieval arabic-language the scientist Biruni [003].

The feature of the situation consists that the Iulian calendar, as is known, is solar only, and hegara calendar, as is known, is lunar only. At Klimishin is approximately described in [001] on page 181-195, that long time there was in the Arabian calendar a tradition similar what exists in a lunar Jewish calendar, that from time to time 13-th month there was inserted. (Klimishin all has described with the reference on Biruni). But from the certain moment it was strongly forbidden (ostensibly already from times of the nearest devotees Magomet), and the cycle yearscoring from hegara was entered. This way yearscoring was, that each year the simple lunar year totalled 354 days (6 months for 29 days and 6 months for 30 days) and the leap lunar year totalled 355 days. Very convenient for calendar accounts there was thus cycle per 30 lunar years, which totalled 19 simple years and 11 leap. In it all there were 10631 days and he gave a mistake only one day per 3000 years.

If to speak about interesting problems of the chronology here completely, we should tell about influence cabalistics on the chronology. This issue is well covered, besides other, at Jean Bodin in his book "Method of the easy knowledge of history " [004], and also at Zhabinski in his "The New history of the art" [005]. And as to dating a famous Arabian gain, when "The arabs have left deserts of the Arabia and filled by the armies almost all world", it, agrees Bodin [004], page 131, was held in 1030. And gives reason Bodin it is by the next connection of the certain planets in Scorpion (which, Bodin does not write, but, as at the author the impression was created at reading page 129, is going about Mars and Jove).

Hypothesis Of the Morosow and its processing.

N.A.Morosow in the eighth volume "Christ" [006] has paid attention to one property of the dating Arabian ([006], page 241) of the manuscripts: there very much numbers of the centuries frequently were not put. And in the other place, on page 383-387, he analyzes dependence between a hegara calendar and Iulian by a calendar and clearly shows, that very much frequently dates in the manuscript were at first put on Iulian to the account, and only then passed to the account hegara, and old Arabian manuscripts frequently (on an example of the manuscript "The Book of the audiences" of the King Magister (Al-Malik Al-Nasyr), which makes

"... If not later forgery beginning westeuropian arabist, with the purpose to use him as a material for the doctor's dissertation or to justify business trip on east, it is translation on the mauriatania-Arabian language any of the yard's European chronicle XIV centuries with carry of the place of the action to Egypt " ([006], page 383).

We shall not become to result this place from Of the Morosow separately, we shall quote him only there, where is going about the citation from the Arabian manuscript ([006], page 241). Morosow quotes muslim the dictionary Es-Sahawi (As-Sahawi), when that speaks about historical figure on a name Idiku (under the Russian annals Edigej): "Idiki or Idegi, King of the Destian empire, has died by violent death per 22 years (instead of the 822 HJ, giving on 1420 CE).

After that there is a very interesting note Of the Morosow:

"IX centuries (and other centuries, are interesting, what at the Arabian writers - WP) hegara (Morozow this word results in not absolutely initial sounding - hegra, but it is incorrect, as the sound "e" at the arabs is not present. It casts suspicions, that of the Morozow was familiar with the Arabian manuscripts basically of the European sources) century number was not put, and instead of, for example, 717 HJ was written simply per 17 years and the same 17-th year was also 17-th year XIV centuries of our account (so, during a beginning XIV centuries years Iulian a calendar and hegara calendar if to reject numbers of the centuries (and volume and in the other calendar in this moment there were problems with chronology), coincided. The fact more than indicative). This concurrence especially is exact was in 1318 (Iulian a calendar - WP), when 1 number (1-st day) of the month Rabi-El-Achir (is the fourth month of the hegara calendar, in the table in Klimishin on page 184 he refers to as Rabi II), it was necessary just on June 1, 1318 Iulian a calendar. Besides Rabi-El-Achir is fourth month muslim of the year and the sun was at this time in constellation of the twins, where (tropic of the crawfish)(in today's language - years(summer) solstic). In 1318 this solstic had on June 10 of Iulian calendar (as the note: approximately - WP. If is exacter about it to tell, we owe, following a Ginzel's technique for calculation of the spring equinoxes (and is similar for years(summer) solstics), described in [007], we receive date of the spring equinox on March 12, 1318, hence, date years(summer) solstic somewhere on June 12) and on 10 Rabi-El-Achir (Rabi II) muslim 18 years. Whether it is possible it to consider for casual concurrence, instead of the for the valid formation of the account hegara by a deduction 600 years from 1318?"

We shall not to Morosow be severe - well the account hegara would fail by a deduction 600 years from 1318, as in such hypothetical accounts it would be necessary to consider a deduction as a minimum 700 years. Hardly, we shall tell directly in connection Iulian a calendar and hegara calendar had a role summer solstic - you see a hegara calendar only lunar.

We shall consider the Morosow's idea in slightly to other direction and we shall set an arising issue: and that if to look for a provisional time interval, on which the not any months of the year (what to a certain extent not interesting), namely beginning of these years would coincide?

If to carry out the excursion on time scales of the Iulian calendar and hegara calendar, the surprising fact will be found out. March 3, 1321 equally coincides with 1 Muharamm 721 HJ. The fact is surprising: we have precisely beginning of the year hegara and almost beginning of the Iulian year, and that Formation itself of the julian calendar was business hard, and that and business it was necessary to deal with moving of the days from one months in others, is detailed about it is written at Klimishin on page 207, and that has a place complete concurrence of the last two figures of the month, we have an almost EXACT BEGINNING OF THE CONNECTION of the TWO MAJOR CALENDARS of the MODERNITY: MUSLIM And FIRST(IULIAN) CHRISTIAN. Besides there is one serious reason, which allows on a word "almost" to not pay attention: Those years very much frequently account of the days went on holidays sacred, which were celebrated not per the fixed day in one year irrespective of, it is necessary on usual day or on a holiday, and was celebrated with the indication of the number of the month and number of the Saturday or Sunday this month.

Besides from 721 years before the source Muhammad 720 years have passed equally. Number 720 has two tremendous features:

- 720 is complete number (24) 30-year's cycles of the hegara calendar, and number 24 has interesting mathematical property is equally 4! (to read: four factorial). - Number 720 is 6! (to read: six factorial).

Here in themselves are coming to the head of the idea about interdependence cabalistics and chronology. As number 1320 has turned out as 2*660 = 4*330, and spelling of these numbers are very close to famous number of the animal and half from it (666 and 333). By the way, if to take double number of the animal 2*666 = 1332 (thus from us two hypothetical cycles from 666 years) as though will turn out, the following after them the year will have number 1333 - half of the number of the animal if to reject thousand. To a word if to make accounts, on March 1, 1332 equally will get on 1 Gumad I (fifth month hegara), and March 1, 1333 - on 11 Gumad.

Briefly results. Probably, a point of the readout of the hegara calendar, i.e. that moment, from which he was counted on earlier epoch, was a beginning (March 3) Iulian 1321 conterminous with 1-st of Muharamm of the 721 years hegara. In light of the multialternativeness is possible, what exactly in the same epoch was created and Iulian a calendar. A certain Quantity of the documents dated ostensibly by the first century the ambassador hegara on the ground that there in number of the year number of the century is not specified, has theoretically wide variant of the interpretations real dating. Probably, for the documents written in other languages, in particular, in languages of the European countries, where, probably, dating only in decades and years without the indication of the centuries too took place, so wide variant datings too is similarly probable.

Literature

1. Klimishin I.A. Calendar and chronology (In russian: "Kalendar'i chronologia"). M.Nauka print house. 1980.
2. Grafton Anthony. Joseph Justus Scaliger. A study in the History of Classical Scholarship. V. II. Historical chronology. Clarendon press. Oxford. 1993.
3. Biruni A. Selected workd (In russian: Izbrannyje proizwedenija"). Tashkent 1957. vol. I, 1974 vol. V.
4. Bodin Jean. "Method of the easy knowledge of history " (In russian: "Mietod liegkogo poznanija istorii", M. nauka print house, 2000
5. Zhabinski A.M. "The New history of the art" (in russian: "Nowaja istorija iskusstwa". M. Veche. 1999
6. Morozow N.A. "Christ" (in russian: Hristos). Vol. VIII. M. Lean-Kraft, 2000
7. Ginzel F.K. Handbuch fuer Mathematischen und Technischen Chronologie Leipzig, 1906, Bd. 1, p.101